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Foundations

Beginner

Intermediate

Advanced

How Do I Get Started?

The most common question I’m asked is: “how do I get started?”

My best advice for getting started in machine learning is broken down into a 5-step process:

For more on this top-down approach, see:

Many of my students have used this approach to go on and do well in Kaggle competitions and get jobs as Machine Learning Engineers and Data Scientists.

Applied Machine Learning Process

The benefit of machine learning are the predictions and the models that make predictions.

To have skill at applied machine learning means knowing how to consistently and reliably deliver high-quality predictions on problem after problem. You need to follow a systematic process.

Below is a 5-step process that you can follow to consistently achieve above average results on predictive modeling problems:

For a good summary of this process, see the posts:

Probability for Machine Learning

Probability is the mathematics of quantifying and harnessing uncertainty. It is the bedrock of many fields of mathematics (like statistics) and is critical for applied machine learning.

Below is the 3 step process that you can use to get up-to-speed with probability for machine learning, fast.

You can see all of the tutorials on probability here. Below is a selection of some of the most popular tutorials.

Probability Foundations

Bayes Theorem

Probability Distributions

Information Theory

Statistics for Machine Learning

Statistical Methods an important foundation area of mathematics required for achieving a deeper understanding of the behavior of machine learning algorithms.

Below is the 3 step process that you can use to get up-to-speed with statistical methods for machine learning, fast.

You can see all of the statistical methods posts here. Below is a selection of some of the most popular tutorials.

Summary Statistics

Statistical Hypothesis Tests

Resampling Methods

Estimation Statistics

Linear Algebra for Machine Learning

Linear algebra is an important foundation area of mathematics required for achieving a deeper understanding of machine learning algorithms.

Below is the 3 step process that you can use to get up-to-speed with linear algebra for machine learning, fast.

You can see all linear algebra posts here. Below is a selection of some of the most popular tutorials.

Linear Algebra in Python

Matrices

Vectors

Matrix Factorization

Optimization for Machine Learning

Optimization is the core of all machine learning algorithms. When we train a machine learning model, it is doing optimization with the given dataset.

You can get familiar with optimization for machine learning in 3 steps, fast.

You can see all optimization posts here. Below is a selection of some of the most popular tutorials.

Local Optimization

Global Optimization

Gradient Descent

Applications of Optimization

Understand Machine Learning Algorithms

Machine learning is about machine learning algorithms.

You need to know what algorithms are available for a given problem, how they work, and how to get the most out of them.

Here’s how to get started with machine learning algorithms:

You can see all machine learning algorithm posts here. Below is a selection of some of the most popular tutorials.

Linear Algorithms

Nonlinear Algorithms

Ensemble Algorithms

How to Study/Learn ML Algorithms

Weka Machine Learning (no code)

Weka is a platform that you can use to get started in applied machine learning.

It has a graphical user interface meaning that no programming is required and it offers a suite of state of the art algorithms.

Here’s how you can get started with Weka:

You can see all Weka machine learning posts here. Below is a selection of some of the most popular tutorials.

Prepare Data in Weka

Weka Algorithm Tutorials

Python Machine Learning (scikit-learn)

Python is one of the fastest growing platforms for applied machine learning.

You can use the same tools like pandas and scikit-learn in the development and operational deployment of your model.

Below are the steps that you can use to get started with Python machine learning:

You can see all Python machine learning posts here. Below is a selection of some of the most popular tutorials.

Prepare Data in Python

Machine Learning in Python

R Machine Learning (caret)

R is a platform for statistical computing and is the most popular platform among professional data scientists.

It’s popular because of the large number of techniques available, and because of excellent interfaces to these methods such as the powerful caret package.

Here’s how to get started with R machine learning:

You can see all R machine learning posts here. Below is a selection of some of the most popular tutorials.

Data Preparation in R

Applied Machine Learning in R

Code Algorithm from Scratch (Python)

You can learn a lot about machine learning algorithms by coding them from scratch.

Learning via coding is the preferred learning style for many developers and engineers.

Here’s how to get started with machine learning by coding everything from scratch.

You can see all of the Code Algorithms from Scratch posts here. Below is a selection of some of the most popular tutorials.

Prepare Data

Linear Algorithms

Algorithm Evaluation

Nonlinear Algorithms

Introduction to Time Series Forecasting (Python)

Time series forecasting is an important topic in business applications.

Many datasets contain a time component, but the topic of time series is rarely covered in much depth from a machine learning perspective.

Here’s how to get started with Time Series Forecasting:

You can see all Time Series Forecasting posts here. Below is a selection of some of the most popular tutorials.

Data Preparation Tutorials

Forecasting Tutorials

Data Preparation for Machine Learning (Python)

The performance of your predictive model is only as good as the data that you use to train it.

As such data preparation may the most important parts of your applied machine learning project.

Here’s how to get started with Data Preparation for machine learning:

You can see all Data Preparation tutorials here. Below is a selection of some of the most popular tutorials.

Data Cleaning

Feature Selection

Data Transforms

Dimensionality Reduction

XGBoost in Python (Stochastic Gradient Boosting)

XGBoost is a highly optimized implementation of gradient boosted decision trees.

It is popular because it is being used by some of the best data scientists in the world to win machine learning competitions.

Here’s how to get started with XGBoost:

You can see all XGBoosts posts here. Below is a selection of some of the most popular tutorials.

XGBoost Basics

XGBoost Tuning

Imbalanced Classification

Imbalanced classification refers to classification tasks where there are many more examples for one class than another class.

These types of problems often require the use of specialized performance metrics and learning algorithms as the standard metrics and methods are unreliable or fail completely.

Here’s how you can get started with Imbalanced Classification:

You can see all Imbalanced Classification posts here. Below is a selection of some of the most popular tutorials.

Performance Measures

Cost-Sensitive Algorithms

Data Sampling

Advanced Methods

Deep Learning (Keras)

Deep learning is a fascinating and powerful field.

State-of-the-art results are coming from the field of deep learning and it is a sub-field of machine learning that cannot be ignored.

Here’s how to get started with deep learning:

You can see all deep learning posts here. Below is a selection of some of the most popular tutorials.

Background

Multilayer Perceptrons

Convolutional Neural Networks

Recurrent Neural Networks

Better Deep Learning Performance

Although it is easy to define and fit a deep learning neural network model, it can be challenging to get good performance on a specific predictive modeling problem.

There are standard techniques that you can use to improve the learning, reduce overfitting, and make better predictions with your deep learning model.

Here’s how to get started with getting better deep learning performance:

You can see all better deep learning posts here. Below is a selection of some of the most popular tutorials.

Better Learning (fix training)

Better Generalization (fix overfitting)

Better Predictions (ensembles)

Tips, Tricks, and Resources

Ensemble Learning

Predictive performance is the most important concern on many classification and regression problems. Ensemble learning algorithms combine the predictions from multiple models and are designed to perform better than any contributing ensemble member.

Here’s how to get started with getting better ensemble learning performance:

You can see all ensemble learning posts here. Below is a selection of some of the most popular tutorials.

Ensemble Basics

Stacking Ensembles

Bagging Ensembles

Boosting Ensembles

Long Short-Term Memory Networks (LSTMs)

Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Recurrent Neural Networks are designed for sequence prediction problems and are a state-of-the-art deep learning technique for challenging prediction problems.

Here’s how to get started with LSTMs in Python:

You can see all LSTM posts here. Below is a selection of some of the most popular tutorials using LSTMs in Python with the Keras deep learning library.

Data Preparation for LSTMs

LSTM Behaviour

Modeling with LSTMs

LSTM for Time Series

Deep Learning for Natural Language Processing (NLP)

Working with text data is hard because of the messy nature of natural language.

Text is not “solved” but to get state-of-the-art results on challenging NLP problems, you need to adopt deep learning methods

Here’s how to get started with deep learning for natural language processing:

You can see all deep learning for NLP posts here. Below is a selection of some of the most popular tutorials.

Bag-of-Words Model

Language Modeling

Text Summarization

Text Classification

Word Embeddings

Photo Captioning

Text Translation

Deep Learning for Computer Vision

Working with image data is hard because of the gulf between raw pixels and the meaning in the images.

Computer vision is not solved, but to get state-of-the-art results on challenging computer vision tasks like object detection and face recognition, you need deep learning methods.

Here’s how to get started with deep learning for computer vision:

You can see all deep learning for Computer Vision posts here. Below is a selection of some of the most popular tutorials.

Image Data Handling

Image Data Augmentation

Image Classification

Image Data Preparation

Basics of Convolutional Neural Networks

Object Recognition

Deep Learning for Time Series Forecasting

Deep learning neural networks are able to automatically learn arbitrary complex mappings from inputs to outputs and support multiple inputs and outputs.

Methods such as MLPs, CNNs, and LSTMs offer a lot of promise for time series forecasting.

Here’s how to get started with deep learning for time series forecasting:

You can see all deep learning for time series forecasting posts here. Below is a selection of some of the most popular tutorials.

Forecast Trends and Seasonality (univariate)

Human Activity Recognition (multivariate classification)

Forecast Electricity Usage (multivariate, multi-step)

Models Types

Time Series Case Studies

Forecast Air Pollution (multivariate, multi-step)

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs)

Generative Adversarial Networks, or GANs for short, are an approach to generative modeling using deep learning methods, such as convolutional neural networks.

GANs are an exciting and rapidly changing field, delivering on the promise of generative models in their ability to generate realistic examples across a range of problem domains, most notably in image-to-image translation tasks.

Here’s how to get started with deep learning for Generative Adversarial Networks:

You can see all Generative Adversarial Network tutorials listed here. Below is a selection of some of the most popular tutorials.

GAN Fundamentals

GAN Loss Functions

Develop Simple GAN Models

GANs for Image Translation

Need More Help?

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