Once you fit a deep learning neural network model, you must evaluate its performance on a test dataset. This is critical, as the reported performance allows you to both choose between candidate models and to communicate to stakeholders about how good the model is at solving the problem. The Keras deep learning API model is […]
Once you choose and fit a final deep learning model in Keras, you can use it to make predictions on new data instances. There is some confusion amongst beginners about how exactly to do this. I often see questions such as: How do I make predictions with my model in Keras? In this tutorial, you […]
The weights of artificial neural networks must be initialized to small random numbers. This is because this is an expectation of the stochastic optimization algorithm used to train the model, called stochastic gradient descent. To understand this approach to problem solving, you must first understand the role of nondeterministic and randomized algorithms as well as […]
What neural network is appropriate for your predictive modeling problem? It can be difficult for a beginner to the field of deep learning to know what type of network to use. There are so many types of networks to choose from and new methods being published and discussed every day. To make things worse, most […]
Stochastic gradient descent is a learning algorithm that has a number of hyperparameters. Two hyperparameters that often confuse beginners are the batch size and number of epochs. They are both integer values and seem to do the same thing. In this post, you will discover the difference between batches and epochs in stochastic gradient descent. […]
When you work on a machine learning problem related to images, not only do you need to collect some images as training data, but you also need to employ augmentation to create variations in the image. It is especially true for more complex object recognition problems. There are many ways for image augmentation. You may […]
Data preparation is required when working with neural networks and deep learning models. Increasingly, data augmentation is also required on more complex object recognition tasks. In this post, you will discover how to use data preparation and data augmentation with your image datasets when developing and evaluating deep learning models in Python with Keras. After […]
The loss metric is very important for neural networks. As all machine learning models are one optimization problem or another, the loss is the objective function to minimize. In neural networks, the optimization is done with gradient descent and backpropagation. But what are loss functions, and how are they affecting your neural networks? In this […]
Convolutional neural networks have been found successful in computer vision applications. Various network architectures are proposed, and they are neither magical nor hard to understand. In this tutorial, you will make sense of the operation of convolutional layers and their role in a larger convolutional neural network. After finishing this tutorial, you will learn: How […]
When you build and train a Keras deep learning model, you can provide the training data in several different ways. Presenting the data as a NumPy array or a TensorFlow tensor is common. Another way is to make a Python generator function and let the training loop read data from it. Yet another way of […]
