BLEU, or the Bilingual Evaluation Understudy, is a score for comparing a candidate translation of text to one or more reference translations. Although developed for translation, it can be used to evaluate text generated for a suite of natural language processing tasks. In this tutorial, you will discover the BLEU score for evaluating and scoring […]
Automatic photo captioning is a problem where a model must generate a human-readable textual description given a photograph. It is a challenging problem in artificial intelligence that requires both image understanding from the field of computer vision as well as language generation from the field of natural language processing. It is now possible to develop […]
Captioning an image involves generating a human readable textual description given an image, such as a photograph. It is an easy problem for a human, but very challenging for a machine as it involves both understanding the content of an image and how to translate this understanding into natural language. Recently, deep learning methods have […]
Develop a Deep Learning Model to Automatically Classify Movie Reviews as Positive or Negative in Python with Keras, Step-by-Step. Word embeddings are a technique for representing text where different words with similar meaning have a similar real-valued vector representation. They are a key breakthrough that has led to great performance of neural network models on […]
Text classification describes a general class of problems such as predicting the sentiment of tweets and movie reviews, as well as classifying email as spam or not. Deep learning methods are proving very good at text classification, achieving state-of-the-art results on a suite of standard academic benchmark problems. In this post, you will discover some […]
Movie reviews can be classified as either favorable or not. The evaluation of movie review text is a classification problem often called sentiment analysis. A popular technique for developing sentiment analysis models is to use a bag-of-words model that transforms documents into vectors where each word in the document is assigned a score. In this […]
The encoder-decoder architecture for recurrent neural networks is proving to be powerful on a host of sequence-to-sequence prediction problems in the field of natural language processing. Attention is a mechanism that addresses a limitation of the encoder-decoder architecture on long sequences, and that in general speeds up the learning and lifts the skill of the […]
You cannot go straight from raw text to fitting a machine learning or deep learning model. You must clean your text first, which means splitting it into words and handling punctuation and case. In fact, there is a whole suite of text preparation methods that you may need to use, and the choice of methods […]
The encoder-decoder architecture for recurrent neural networks is proving to be powerful on a host of sequence-to-sequence prediction problems in the field of natural language processing such as machine translation and caption generation. Attention is a mechanism that addresses a limitation of the encoder-decoder architecture on long sequences, and that in general speeds up the […]
Text data preparation is different for each problem. Preparation starts with simple steps, like loading data, but quickly gets difficult with cleaning tasks that are very specific to the data you are working with. You need help as to where to begin and what order to work through the steps from raw data to data […]
